Article 109: Civil service law
The legal status of public servants shall be regulated by Act of Parliament. Rules regarding employment protection and co-determination for public servants shall also be laid down
by Act of Parliament.
Explanation
Please note: Only the Dutch-language version of the Constitution has legal effect.
The legal position of civil servants must have a statutory basis. Since 2020, ordinary employment law has applied to many civil servants, alongside the special duties in the Civil Servants Act 2017 (Ambtenarenwet 2017). Special arrangements apply to groups including police, defence personnel and judicial officers.
Regarding labor protection and employee participation for all civil servants, there must be rules based on the law.