EU counts cost of US visa wars

Imposing visas on US visitors would harm trans-Atlantic relations and cost billions of euros, the European Commission has said. “It would be a major disaster,” a former EU diplomat added.

The commission issued its warning to EU capitals and to the European Parliament on Tuesday (12 April).

It came following talks by top EU officials in Strasbourg after a legal deadline expired on “non-reciprocity” - the fact that US nationals can go to any EU state without a permit, but people from five EU countries still need visas to enter the US.

The five countries are Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, Poland, and Romania.

The US, last year, caused extra annoyance by tightening conditions for the other 23 states on security grounds. It said all dual EU-Syrian nationals or all EU nationals who recently visited Libya, for instance, must now obtain visas.

The commission said member states and MEPs must make up their minds by 12 July whether to impose visas on US nationals in return.

Two EU diplomats told EUobserver on Tuesday it's "too early" to say what member states will decide.

But if they go ahead, the 10 million or so US visitors to the EU each year would, from mid-October onward, require travel permits.

The commission warned that the step would have a “substantial impact” on EU-US relations, however.

It said it would “jeopardise” talks on a bilateral free-trade pact. It said the US would reimpose visa requirements on all EU states at a cost of €2.5 billion a year to EU tourists and businesses.

It estimated that a drop in US visitors would cost the EU tourist industry another €1.8 billion a year. It said the aviation industry would suffer.

It also said EU consulates in the US would be overwhelmed with paperwork and that EU states would have to invest tens of millions of euros in new hardware and in extra immigration officials.

Speaking to EUobserver from Washington, Andras Simonyi, the former Hungarian ambassador to the US, told EUobserver: “If this goes ahead, it would be a major disaster for the transatlantic relationship.”

Simonyi, who now heads the Center for Transatlantic Relations at Johns Hopkins University in the US capital, said some American politicians are already saying the US should end its special relationship with Europe because Europe can’t take care of its own security.

“In an election year, those who don’t believe in the relationship would use this as a platform,” he said, referring to the upcoming US election.

“There are forces at play who would use this to push the US and Europe apart. Anyone who thinks it’s a legalistic issue doesn’t understand the dynamics of the relationship,” he added.

US officials say that they are trying to fix the problem.

“We have maintained an open dialogue with EU officials - as well as officials from those member states that require visas for travel to the United States - on this matter,” the US mission to the EU told this website.

Mark Toner, a state department spokesman, said last week: “They haven’t met the legal requirements, and we’re working with them and with the EU on how they can take the steps that will help them meet those requirements.”

He said outstanding issues include “stuff like low non-immigrant visa fraud” and “immigration violations.”

US officials also noted that while 17 percent of Romanian and 11 percent of Bulgarian visa applicants get refused, the figures are much lower for Croatia (5%), Cyprus (4%), and Poland (6%).

Simonyi, who negotiated Hungary’s US visa waiver some 10 years ago, said the US’ biggest concern is people who overstay their visas.

He noted that most central European states at the time negotiated with the US as a bloc, but Poland had the attitude that “we can do it on our own.”

“If Poland hadn’t gone it alone, they might well be in the waiver programme by now. The lesson for Poland is that it’s stronger when it acts as part of central Europe,” he added.

The Canada and Brunei are also in a state of “non-reciprocity” with the EU, the commission noted on Wednesday.

The UK and Ireland would not be involved in imposing visas on US nationals because they have opt-outs from this part of EU policy.